Setup Custom Rules and Exceptions
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Configuring Web Application security or Web API security is easily done via the configuration wizard, and in the vast majority of the cases, is enough to fully protect the web assets without additional manual changes.
However, as event logs appear, a security administrator might want to make specific exceptions to the default behavior of the system, regardless of the automatic learning mechanism.
The most common use case of custom rules and exception configuration is when a log is issued and as a security administrator decided that traffic matching one of the log fields (for example, the URI field) should not be detected or blocked by the CloudGuard WAF engine.
A common change might be to generalize the exception to all sources by deleting the condition for "Source Identifier", or to change the action from "Skip" (relevant only for the "Matched Parameter" field) to "Accept".
A custum rule/exception configured this way applies to the combination of the specific CloudGuard WAF security practice that caught the original event and the Asset relevant for the same traffic.
For further information on how to configure exceptions from asset view and the full options an exception can provide, please read further.
Accept - Traffic matching the exception's conditions will be accepted.
Drop - Traffic matching the exception's conditions will be blocked.
Skip - Relevant only for specific keys like "Parameter Name", "Parameter Value" and "Indicator". Allows skipping the value of the matching parameter from being inspected by the CloudGuard WAF engines. The rest of the traffic will be inspected for malicious behavior. Skip action is not supported with Scheme Validation.
Suppress Log - Traffic matching the exception's condition will not activate their Log Trigger object/s upon event.
There are several keys allowed to be set in custom rules and exceptions, each of them may be relevant to a different security practice or sub-practice.
For CloudGuard WAF:
Host
Regular expression of the HTTP Host name
Not on it own
All CloudGuard WAF Security
URI
HTTP full URI in request
Not on it own
All CloudGuard WAF Security
Source Identifier
Not on it own
All CloudGuard WAF Security
Source IP
IP address of the request's source in IP address or CIDR format (e.g. "<IP address>/<number of bits for network>")
Not on it own
All CloudGuard WAF Security
Parameter Name
Regular Expression of a parameter name is a key in the HTTP request body's XML or JSON file
Yes
Web and API attacks, and Schema Validation
Parameter Value
Regular Expression of a parameter value is the value to a key in the HTTP request body's XML or JSON file
Yes
Web and API attacks, and Schema Validation
Parameter Location
A value that matches the "Matched Location" field values in a CloudGuard WAF Log (e.g. "body", "cookie", "url", etc.)
Yes
Web and API attacks
Indicator
Regular expression of indicator/s to be be used with the "Skip" action. Allows exclusion of desired indicators while continuing to provide security for all other traffic.
Yes
All CloudGuard WAF Security
Protection Name
The protection name used by the security sub-practice
No
IPS and Snort Rules only
Country Code
Not on it own
All CloudGuard WAF Security
Country Name
Not on it own
All CloudGuard WAF Security
File Hash
SHA-256 string of the file the exception should apply to.
No
File Security only
File Name
The file name to match the configured exception.
No
File Security only
Response Body Note - Scanning response traffic adds a performance impact.
Regular expression of a pattern within the HTTP Response Body
Not on it own
HTTP Method
The relevant HTTP method: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATC
Not on it own
All CloudGuard WAF Security
Header Value
Regular expression of the HTTP header value
Not on its own
All CloudGuard WAF Security
Header Name
Regular expression of the HTTP header name
Not on its own
All CloudGuard WAF Security
The following is only relevant for keys where the table states their value is a regular expression.
When an exception key expects a regular expression value (regex), it should be configured according to PCRE 2.0, which will undergo a partial search unless the '^' or '$' regular expression operators are used.
For a nicer tutorial about PCRE regular expression crafting, visit here.
A complex logical expression with "AND" and "OR" between conditions can be created.
In addition - the following operators are available for each condition:
Equals
Not Equals
Key Exists
When clicking the 3 dotted lines you will see the logical operators available for multiple conditions:
When clicking on the ':' between key and value you will see the additional value-based operators for a single condition:
Add a comment for view purposes and click OK.
When custom rules and exceptions are configured, the same location in the asset provides a view of the exceptions for the practice used by the asset. The view shows the comment and the last administrator that edited the exception:
All rules that are shown under the Custom Rules and Exceptions tab are being enforced. The order does not matter.
It is possible to save a group of exception rules under a global name, and then use the same object by multiple assets and practices.
The global custom rules/exceptions objects can be viewed and edited under Policy->Behaviors:
Regular Expression the identifier, according to the definition of
For Geolocation-based exceptions. Country is resolved according to the source IP address. Code is the recommended use for country-based exceptions and can be searched according to the Alpha-2 code of ISO-3166.
For Geolocation-based exceptions. Country is resolved according to the source IP address. Name is less recommended for country-based exceptions, but is more readable. Exact names can be searched according to ISO-3166.
All CloudGuard WAF Security. In addition, this key allows
